Publications

Prospective Evaluation of the Systemic Coagulation–Inflammation Index as a Short-Term Prognostic Marker in Infective Endocarditis

Sahasyaa Adalarasan, Nithishkumar Ravichandran, Kapil R. Alex, Ritvik Arunaash, Preetha Selvan

Researchers' Journal of Internal Medicine.

Background: Infective endocarditis (IE) remains associated with high morbidity and mortality despite advances in diagnosis and therapy. Biomarkers that integrate inflammatory and coagulation pathways may assist in risk stratification. The Systemic Coagulation–Inflammation Index (SCII), calculated as (platelet count × fibrinogen / leukocyte count), reflects the interaction between systemic inflammation and coagulation activity. This study evaluated the utility of SCII as a short-term prognostic marker in patients with IE. Methods: In this prospective observational study, 26 consecutive adults diagnosed with IE at a tertiary care center in India were enrolled over a six-month period. SCII values were calculated from admission blood samples obtained prior to treatment initiation. Patients were followed throughout hospitalization, and mortality outcomes were recorded. Results: The mean age of the cohort was 50.08 years, and 53.85% were male. Overall mortality during follow-up was 50% (13/26). Mean SCII was significantly higher in non-survivors than in survivors (176.2 ± 26.1 vs. 89.4 ± 20.7; p < 0.001). A strong association was observed between SCII and mortality (r = 0.77, p < 0.001). Conclusion: Elevated SCII at admission was significantly associated with short-term mortality in patients with IE. These findings suggest that SCII may serve as a useful adjunct for early risk stratification in IE. Larger studies with multivariate analyses are warranted to determine its independent predictive value and clinical applicability.

Analysis of Utilization of Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter 2 Inhibitors in Patients with Diabetes and Chronic Kidney Disease within a Primary Care Setting

Sydney L. Robbins, Jodi M. Grandominico, Neeraj H. Tayal, Lauren A. Kirk, Cory P. Coffey

Researchers' Journal of Internal Medicine.

Background The 2022 KDIGO guidelines now recommend the initiation of sodium glucose-cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and type 2 diabetes (T2D) with an eGFR > 20 mL/min/1.73m2 to slow the progression of kidney dysfunction. Despite updated standard of care recommendations, the uptake of SGLT2is in eligible patients is suboptimal.   Objective This research aimed to observe the prescribing patterns of SGLT2is by primary care resident physicians in eligible patients with T2D and CKD G3a/3b.   Methods This study utilized a data analytics platform to identify adults with CKD G3a/G3b and T2D at two primary care clinics, comprised of more than 100 resident physicians between July 1st, 2023, and October 31st, 2023. The primary objective of this study was to identify the proportion of patients currently prescribed an SGLT2i. Secondary objectives included identifying the proportion of patients: (1) never prescribed an SGLT2i, (2) previously prescribed an SGLT2i but not currently on therapy, and (3) not currently on SGLT2i therapy but may qualify for initiation based on current clinical practice guidelines   Results A total of 240 patients were identified with CKD G3a/G3b and T2D. 111/240 (46.2%) were removed from the primary care resident cohort due to eGFR values falling outside the CKD G3a/G3b criteria at the time of review. 12/240 (5%) were not observed as they have not seen their primary care resident physician in more than 12 months. 46/240 (19.2%) were observed in the specialist cohort as they were managed by endocrinology or nephrology.  This left 71/240 (29.6%) patients observed in the primary care resident physician cohort for SGT2i use. Among these, 27/71 (38%) were currently prescribed an SGLT2i, while 44/71 (62%) were identified as potential candidates for therapy initiation.   Conclusion This analysis describes the underutilization of SGLT2is in eligible patients, despite updated standard of care recommendations and evidence to support its benefit.

Outcomes in COVID-19 ARDS: A Cohort Study Comparing Patients Transferred to an ECMO Center and Patients at a Community Hospital

Sonja Knittel-Hliddal, Adam Green, Abhimanyu Chandel, Awab Khan, Hena Yagnik, Reena Patel, Joshua Levy, Derek Chen, Nishi Parikh, Sydnee Lim, Gregory Felock, Jean-Sebastien Rachoin, Michael Bonk

Researchers' Journal of Internal Medicine.

Introduction The transfer of patients with severe acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) to extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) capable centers is a prevalent practice, despite a paucity of data regarding the outcome of transferred patients and those remaining in a community setting with standardized care. Our aim was to compare outcomes in these two patient populations. Methods Adult patients admitted to a community health system with SARS-CoV-2 infection requiring invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV) from February 2020 to July 2022 were identified. We performed univariate and multivariable logistic regression (adjusting for demographics and severity of illness). Categorical data are presented as percentages, and continuous data as median [25-75% Interquartile range]. Results 397 patients were identified with COVID-19 requiring IMV, and 29 were transferred to the ECMO center. Non-transferred patients were older, 64 [56-73] vs. 48 [40-55] (p < 0.001), with a higher proportion of comorbid conditions. Both groups had similar initial P/F ratios, trending towards a lower P/F in the transferred group at 24 hours after IMV: 121 [88-167] vs. 105 [75-132] (p = 0.083). The organ-specific (renal, liver, coagulation) SOFA score was lower in transferred patients, 0 [0-1] vs. 1 [0-2] (p = 0.007). Two hundred eighty-two patients (71.2%) in the community health system died. Among those transferred, 21 (72.4%) were not supported with ECMO, and 9 (42.9%) died. Of the 8 patients supported with ECMO, 3 (37.5%) died. Transfer to a tertiary care center was associated with a reduced risk of death (OR 0.25; 95% CI 0.11-0.55, p = 0.001), which persisted when adjusted for age, P/F ratio, & organ-specific SOFA scores (OR 0.34; 95% CI 0.15-0.80, p = 0.013). Conclusions Patients with severe ARDS have a reduction in mortality when transferred to an ECMO-capable center despite providing similar care in both settings. An emphasis on appropriate patient selection is important, specifically focusing on ECMO-eligible patients. More research is needed to identify the variables impacting mortality in these patient populations.

Trends in Medical Student-Authored Publications, 2012-2022

Brian P. Elliott, Zachary Gottschall, Evan Suppa, J Bryan Carmody

Researchers' Journal of Internal Medicine.

Purpose To analyze trends in the quantity and quality of medical student-authored publications from 2012 to 2022. Methods We searched PubMed to identify all articles with an author affiliation listed as “medical student” from 2012 to 2022. We manually reviewed articles to determine study design and cross-referenced articles with Semantic Scholar and Scimagojr databases to determine citation count and journal rank data. As a secondary exploratory analysis, we then reviewed the websites for the 100 journals with the most medical student publications during the study period to determine whether they had mandatory fees associated with publishing. Results We identified 5,591 articles with medical student authors, of which 5,181 met the inclusion criteria. The number of articles increased by 1,329% from 2012 to 2022. The median Scimago Scientific Journal Ranking of medical student publications increased from 2012 to 2022 (0.470 to 0.630, p=0.0002). The proportion of articles published in a top quartile journal was 29% in 2012 and 41% in 2022 (p=0.09). Twenty-three percent of medical student-authored articles received zero citations. There was a relative increase in medical student-authored perspective articles (from 6% in 2012 to 23% in 2022; p=0.002) and a decrease in case reports (from 26% in 2012 to 14% in 2022; p=0.02). The proportion of papers published in journals with publication fees increased from 3.7% in 2012 to 14.8% in 2022 (p=0.02). Conclusions Between 2012 and 2022, the quantity of medical student research on PubMed increased more than tenfold. There was a relative increase in perspective papers and a decrease in case reports. Approximately one in four medical student papers were never cited, and approximately one in six were published in a journal with a publication fee.

The Researchers’ Journal of Internal Medicine: A New Way to Publish Research

Brian P. Elliott, Kathryn Burtson, Michael McMahon, Abhimanyu Chandel

Researchers' Journal of Internal Medicine.